DNB Pediatrics theory question: Sustainable Development Goals
Introduction
- Post 2015 Development Agenda- for 2030
- Collection of 17 Global Goals, 169 Targets and 230 Specific Targets (50 of these Indicators are directly related to children)
- Set by United Nations in 2015 (25/09/2015)
- Succeeds Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
- Goals apply to all countries
- SDGs cover social and economic Development issues including poverty Hunger, Health, Education, Climatic change, Gender equality, water, sanitation, energy, Urbanization, Environment and Social Justice.
Goals
- No Poverty
- Zero Hunger
- Good Health and Well Being
- Quality Education
- Gender Equality
- Clean Water and Sanitation
- Affordable and Clean Energy
- Decent Work and Economic Growth
- Industry , Innovation and Infrastructure
- Reduced Inequalities
- Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Resposnible Consumption and Production
- Climate Action
- Life Below Water
- Life on Land
- Peace and Justice
- Partnserships for the Goals
There are around 5 overarching areas of well-being for every child which are grounded in the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development. These five areas are that:
- Every child survives and thrives
- Every child learns
- Every child is protected from violence and exploitation
- Every child lives in a safe and clean environment
- Every child has a fair chance in life
UNICEF is the Global agency entrusted to monitor the above.
NITI AYOG is the Government agency in India overseeing interventions towards achieving SDGs.
The Important Indicators related to Children for UNICEF is custodian are as follows:
- Stunting
- Wasting/Overweight
- Skilled attendance at birth
- Under 5 Mortality
- Neonatal Mortality
- Early Childhood Development
- Early Marriage
- Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision
- Child Discipline
- Sexual Violence against children
- Fully immunized Children
- Sexual Violence against woman and girls , by intimate partner
- Sexual Violence against woman and girls , by person other than intimate partner
- Safely managed water
- Safely managed sanitation and handwashing
- Child Labour
- Birth Registration
SDG goal directly related to child health
SDG 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well Being for All at all Ages
Target 3.1: By 2030 reduce global maternal mortality ratio to less than70/1, 00,000 live births
3.1.1 Maternal Mortality Ratio
3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Target 3.2: By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
3.2.1: Under 5 Mortality Rate
3.2.2: Neonatal Mortality Rate
Target 3.8: Achieve Universal Health Coverage
RMNCH Services
Infectious Diseases (TB, HIV, Malaria)
Non Communicable Diseases
Service Capacity and Access
Target 3.B.1: Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines Included In their national program
Coverage of DPT (3rd Dose)
Coverage of Measles Containing Vaccine (2nd Dose)
Coverage of HPV (Last Dose)
Government of India, is taking several measures through Swach Bharath Mission, Mission Indradhanush, Programs promoting Institutional Delivery-Janani Surakshana Yojana and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram, National Health Mission, IMNCI, Poshan Abhiyan (National Nutrition Mission, Mother and Child Tracking System, ICDS and India Newborn Action Plan to achieve above goals.