Multiple choice questions in Pediatric Cardiology
The post contains multiple-choice based questions in cardiology covering cardiovascular physiology and congenital heart disease useful for DNB and MRCPCH part 1 examinations.
1. What is the most common congenital heart defect with a left to right shunt causing congestive heart failure in the pediatric age group?
- Atrial septal defect
- Atrioventricular canal
- Ventricular septal defect VSD
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Aortopulmonary window
C
2. All true regarding ASD Except
- Atrial septal defect is the second most common congenital heart defect in children and adults.
- Patients with atrial septal defects may have an embolic stroke as the initial presentation.
- Most children with atrial septal defects are asymptomatic.
- The most common yet least serious type of atrial septal defect is an ostium secundum defect.
- The most common yet least serious type of atrial septal defect is ostium primum defect.
E
3. What is the most likely age an infant with a large ventricular septal defect will begin manifesting symptoms of congestive heart failure?
- 1 day
- 1 week
- 1 month
- 6 months
- 1 year
C
4. What is the dominant mechanism with which infants and young children increase their cardiac output?
- By increasing ventricular contractility
- By increasing heart rate
- By increasing ventricular end-diastolic volume
- By decreasing heart rate
- By increasing respiratory rate
B
5. The earliest sign of congestive heart failure on a chest X-ray is:
- Increased heart size.
- Kerley B lines.
- Central pulmonary vascular congestion.
- Pulmonary edema.
- Pleural effusion.
A
6. A two-day-old cyanotic infant with a grade 3/6 ejection systolic murmur is noted to have decreased pulmonary vascular markings on chest x-ray and left axis deviation on EKG. The most likely diagnosis is:
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Transposition of Great Vessels
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Tricuspid Atresia.
D
7. A 2-year-old infant is noted to have mild cyanosis who assumes a squatting position during long walking. He is noted to have increasing fussiness followed by increasing cyanosis, limpness, and unresponsiveness. The most likely underlying lesion is:
- Hypoplastic left heart
- Transposition of the Great Vessels
- Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Aspiration with obstruction to air passages
D
8. An infant with a marked cyanotic congenital heart defect with decreased pulmonary vascularity should be treated with:
- Digoxin
- Indomethacin
- Prostaglandin E1
- Epinephrine
C
9. Cyanosis is produced by the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin of at least:
- 1-2 gm/dL
- 3-5 gm/dL
- 6-8 gm/dL
- 9-10 gm/Dl
B
10. A "tet spell" or "blue" spell of tetralogy of Fallot is treated with all of the following except:
- oxygen
- knee-chest position
- morphine
- digoxin
- propranolol
- phenylephrine
- sodium bicarbonate
D
11. Pulmonary vascularity is increased in all of the following except:
- TAPVR
- Tricuspid atresia
- TGV
- Hypoplastic left heart
B
12. Pulmonary vascularity is decreased in all of the following except:
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Pulmonary atresia
- TAPVR
- Tricuspid atresia
C